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Anaglyph image   by hi joiney

History The first method to produce anaglyph images was developed 1853 by Wilhelm Rollmann a German in Leipzig Producing anaglyph images In historical methods using camera filters on film two images from the perspective of the left and right eyes were projected or printed together as a single image one side through a red filter and the other side through a contrasting color such as blue or green or mixed cyan As outlined below one may now typically use an image processing computer program to simulate the effect of using color filters using as a source image a pair of either color or monochrome images Since the 1970s Stephen Gibson offers his patented Deep Vision system using cyan instead of green filters These colors cover the entire visible spectrum providing more natural color Deep Vision spectacles have the red filter over the right eye and the cyan over the left To bypass Gibson s patent some companies produce red cyan glasses with the colors on the wrong sides Popular professional programs such as Adobe Photoshop provide the basic digital tools for processing of anaglyphs They do not provide instruction for anaglyph in their basic documentation Various websites offer free instruction related to 3D for Photoshop Simple low cost programs dedicated to anaglyph creation are also available In recent simple practice the left eye image is filtered to remove blue green The right eye image is filtered to remove red The two images are usually positioned in the compositing phase in close overlay registration of the main subject In Photoshop for example a function called screen in the layers F7 option allows the two filtered layers to be combined transparently on top of each other although the compositing can also be done by pasting the selected channels The filtration itself can easily be done in the curves function which allows removal of any red green or blue layer with a simple slider Experienced Photoshop users can sometime process a good cross view 3D pair into a color anaglyph in 2 to 5 minutes if little fine tuning is required Various steps can also be used to maximize the quality of the result These may include size matching of the frames to within a few pixels rotation if needed gamma leveling and digital sharpening of the softer red image It should be noted that both the red layer in the image and the red filter in the glasses contain no visible blue or green color information but masked colors do exist that the eyes cannot see through a red filter that can interact with the colors contained in the cyan image after compositing and blending How anaglyph works Viewing anaglyphs through appropriately colored glasses results in each eye seeing a slightly different picture In a red blue anaglyph for instance the eye covered by the red filter sees the red parts of the image as white and the blue parts as black with the brain providing some adaption for color the eye covered by the blue filter perceives the opposite effect True white or true black areas are perceived the same by each eye The brain blends together the image it receives from each eye and interprets the differences as being the result of different distances This creates a normal stereograph image without requiring the viewer to cross his or her eyes Viewing Paper anaglyph filters produce an acceptable image at low cost and are suitable for inclusion in magazines A pair of eyeglasses with two filters of the same colors once used on the cameras or now simulated by image processing software manipulations is worn by the viewer In the case above the red lens over the left eye allows only the red part of the anaglyph image through to that eye while the cyan blue green lens over the right eye allows only the blue and green parts of the image through to that eye Portions of the image that are red will appear dark through the cyan filter while portions of colors composed only of green and blue will appear dark through the red filter Each eye therefore sees only the perspective it is supposed to see Red sharpened anaglyph glasses Simple paper uncorrected gel glasses cannot compensate for the 250 nanometer difference in the wave lengths of the red cyan filters With simple glasses the red filtered image is somewhat blurry when viewing a close computer screen or printed image The RED retinal focus differs from the image through the CYAN filter which dominates the eyes focusing Better quality molded acrylic glasses frequently employ a compensating differential diopter power a spherical correction to balance the red filter focus shift relative to the cyan which reduces the innate softness and diffraction of red filtered light Low power reading glasses worn along with the paper glasses also sharpen the image noticeably The correction is only about 1 2 diopter on the red lens However some people with corrective glasses are bothered by difference in lens diopters as one image is a slightly larger magnification than the other Though endorsed by many 3D websites the diopter fix effect is still somewhat controversial Some especially the nearsighted find it uncomfortable There is about a 400 improvement in acuity with a molded diopter filter and a noticeable improvement of contrast and blackness The American Amblyopia Foundation uses this feature in their plastic glasses for school screening of children s vision judging the greater clarity as a significant plus factor Plastic anaglyph glasses can employ diopter correction for improved viewing Anachrome filters Plastic glasses developed in recent years provide both the diopter fix noted above and a change in the cyan filter The formula provides intentional leakage of a minimal 2 percentage of red light with the conventional range of the filter This assigns two eyed redness cues to objects and details such as lip color and red clothing that are fused in the brain Care must be taken however to closely overlay the red areas into near perfect registration or ghosting can occur Anachrome formula lenses work well with black and white but can provide excellent results when the glasses are used with conforming anachrome friendly images The US Geological Survey has thousands of these conforming full color images which depicts the geology and scenic features of the U S National Park system By convention anachrome images try to avoid excess separation of the cameras and parallax thereby reducing the ghosting that the extra color bandwidth introduces to the images Anaglyph from monochrome images Traditional anaglyph processing methods B W anaglyph image of Zagreb taken using one camera Images were taken about 2m 7ft apart to get the 3D effect One monochromatic method uses a stereo pair available as a digitized image along with access to general purpose image processing software In this method the images are run through a series of processes and saved in an appropriate transmission and viewing format such as JPEG Color anaglyph taken using two cameras about 40cm 16in apart for enhanced depth effect Several computer programs will create color anaglyphs without Adobe Photoshop or a traditional more complex compositing method can be used with Photoshop Using color information it is possible to obtain reasonable but not accurate blue sky green vegetation and appropriate skin tones Color information appears disruptive when used for brightly colored and or high contrast objects such as signs toys and patterned clothing when these contain colors that are close to red or cyan Anaglyphic processes cannot always reconstruct full color 3D images Colors which are combinations of red green yellow and red blue magenta reproduce However to get full color photos or movies a polarizing filter system or an adapted Russian LCD shutter system must be used Polarizing filters steer the vibrations of light analogous to the effect of a window blind Two synchronized projectors overlap the images into an aluminum screen The shutter system on the other hand switches back and forth rapidly for left and right eye images synchronized to the image input alternating so fast that the eye cannot detect the changes This is similar to how LCD shutter glasses work According to entertainment trade papers 3D movies are now more popular than ever The modern processes allow maximum comfort and minimum eyestrain 3D provides an entertainment experience still not possible with television though certain experimental processes the quasi holographic volumetric displays have been used for example to show real images of cars in a display setting with no viewing glasses required Depth adjustment The adjustment suggested in this section is applicable to any type of stereogram but is particularly appropriate when anaglyphed images are to be viewed on a computer screen or on printed matter Image as originally presented by NASA with foreground spilling from the frame This is a two color red cyan anaglyph from the Mars Pathfinder mission To view use a red filter for the left eye and a cyan filter for the right eye Note that the distant mountain images are aligned placing them at the screen and the confusing appearance in the lower right corner Image adjusted so that most objects appear to be beyond the frame Note that the mountain images are now separated when viewed without the glasses This follows the rule for a red left eye filter when distant objects are beyond the image plane RRR Red to Right Receding for dark objects on lighter background in the image as it appears without wearing the filters Those portions of the left and right images that are coincident will appear to be at the surface of the screen Depending upon the subject matter and the composition of the image it may be appropriate to make this align to something slightly behind the nearest point of the principal subject as when imaging a portrait This will cause the near points of the subject to pop out from the screen For best effect any portions of a figure to be imaged forward of the screen surface should not intercept the image boundary as this can lead to a discomforting amputated appearance It is of course possible to create a three dimensional pop out frame surrounding the subject in order to avoid this condition Shelf edge at screen depth If the subject matter is a landscape you may consider putting the frontmost object at or slightly behind the surface of the screen This will cause the subject to be framed by the window boundary and recede into the distance Once the adjustment is made trim the picture to contain only the portions containing both left and right images In the example shown above the upper image appears in a visually disruptive manner to spill out from the screen with the distant mountains appearing at the surface of the screen In the lower modification of this image the red channel has been translated horizontally to bring the images of the nearest rocks into coincidence and thus appearing at the surface of the screen and the distant mountains now appear to recede into the image This latter adjusted image appears more natural appearing as a view through a window onto the landscape Monochrome version Scene composition In the toy images to the right the shelf edge was selected as the point where images are to coincide and the toys were arranged so that only the central toy was projecting beyond the shelf When the image is viewed the shelf edge appears to be at the screen and the toy s feet and snout project toward the viewer creating a pop out effect Dual purpose 2D or 3D compatible anaglyph technique Since the advent of the Internet a variant technique has developed where the images are specially processed to minimize visible mis registration of the two layers This technique is known by various names the most common associated with diopter glasses and warmer skin tones is Anachrome The technique allows most images to be used as large thumbnails while the 3D information is encoded into the image with less parallax than conventional anaglyphs Applications In DVD Blu Ray home release of theatrical 3D films Disney studios released Hannah Montana Miley Cyrus Best of Both Worlds Concert in August 2008 its first Blu ray 3D disc This was shown on the Disney Channel with red cyan paper glasses in July 2008 The greater clarity of Blu ray and the learning curve at Disney has greatly improved red cyan anaglyph especially in relation to close overlay of the 3D images such as they have followed in their animation projects Most Disney theatrical 3D images show far less mal registration compared to old fashioned polarized or anaglyph technique In comics 3 D Glasses distributed with special Batman comic books between 1953 and 1964 These techniques have been used to produce 3 dimensional comic books mostly during the early 1950s using carefully constructed line drawings printed in colors appropriate to the filter glasses provided The material presented were typically short graphic novels of a war story horror or crime detective nature similar in content to some modern Japanese manga These genres were largely eliminated in the US by the rise of the Comics Code Authority Anaglyphed images were of little interest for use in the remaining comics which emphasized bright and colorful images unsuited for use with the viewing and production methods available at the time which were usually red green rather than red cyan In fine arts Some maintainers of Internet web sites have added depth information to images of famous paintings further processing these to produce color anaglyph 3D images In science and mathematics The single valued function of two variables z x y x2 y3 with the function value displayed as the height Three dimensional display can also be used to display scientific data sets or to illustrate mathematical functions Anaglyph images are suitable both for paper presentation and non moving video display They can easily be included in science books and viewed with cheap anaglyph glasses Also chemical structures particularly for large syste

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